{"id":1116,"date":"2024-05-10T11:06:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-10T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lancember.net\/?p=1116"},"modified":"2025-02-26T13:07:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T11:07:39","slug":"u-koralovyh-skamyanilostyah-u-poshukah-pershyh-vidblyskiv-biolyuminesczencziyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lancember.net\/en\/u-koralovyh-skamyanilostyah-u-poshukah-pershyh-vidblyskiv-biolyuminesczencziyi\/","title":{"rendered":"In coral fossils in search of the first glimpses of bioluminescence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bioluminescence is used throughout the animal kingdom, especially in the marine environment. It lures prey, scares predators, and even acts as camouflage in ambient light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“We always say that there is limited light in the deep sea, but many organisms produce their light,” said Andrea Quattrini, a zoologist at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dazzling glow of bioluminescence is common in Octocorallia, also known as octocorals, a class of more than 3,000 Anthozoa species. Including sea fans, sea pens, and soft corals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The prevalence of bioluminescence in these sessile animals makes a lot of sense, Dr. Quattrini said: “They settle down somewhere, and they’re there.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The length of time organisms have been able to emit light is the focus of recent research by Dr. Quattrini and his colleagues. Their latest study, published on April 23 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B,<\/a> puts the time of bioluminescence’s emergence back to about 540 million years ago. The current understanding is that it appeared in small marine crustaceans 267 million years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers’ conclusion was based on recent evolutionary work with octopus trees. They used fossils of eight-barked plants and modeling to trace the tiny organisms’ ancestral past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioluminescence is believed to have evolved nearly 100 times throughout history. It is caused by a simple chemical reaction: a light-producing molecule called luciferin reacts with an enzyme called luciferase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis ability to bioluminescence gives these animals some sort of survival or fitness advantage,\u201d said Danielle DeLeo, lead author of the study and a biologist at Florida International University and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. DeLeo was first fascinated by the amazing glow over a decade ago. She was studying the impact of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descending a thousand meters below the surface in a submersible, she recalled: \u201cYou look out the window, and all you see is bioluminescence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She is now studying bioluminescence in several invertebrates, including deep-sea shrimp, which spew bioluminescent vomit. For years, she has been interested in when this simple but fascinating form of communication first appeared.\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In preparing the groundwork for answering this question, in 2022, Dr. Quattrini and her former advisor Katherine McFadden of Harvey Mudd College in California, also an author of the new study, revised the eight-bark tree of life based on new genetic data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the new study, the researchers incorporated dated fossils of octopuses to determine when the branches on the tree diverge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They then gathered data on the presence or absence of bioluminescence in as many of these species as possible, drawing on previous studies and ongoing work. From there, they used a series of statistical models to work backward over hundreds of millions of years to calculate the probability of bioluminescence for each common ancestor in the tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Each iteration of the analysis led them to the same conclusion: bioluminescence first emerged in the common ancestor of octopus corals about 540 million years ago, around the beginning of the Cambrian era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was just before or at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion when many new, more complex species emerged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLight perception had already evolved at that time,\u201d but not quite in the form of eyes, said Elena Bollati, a marine biologist at the University of Copenhagen who was not involved in the study. \u201cPredators were also not common before the Cambrian explosion,\u201d she added, \u201dso this has interesting implications for the original function of bioluminescence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This work supports<\/a> the long-standing theory that because the chemical reaction underlying bioluminescence consumes oxygen, bioluminescence originally evolved as a defense mechanism against producing dangerous oxygen-containing molecules called free radicals. The glow may have been just a byproduct, but it turned out to be useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“You can take care of oxygen, you can create light, and maybe you can deter predators or attract prey, and then you will succeed in future generations,” said Dr. Quattrini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers are now focusing on a genetic test that, using only a tiny piece of tissue, will assess whether the animal’s luciferase enzyme is functioning, indicating that it can bioluminescent. According to Dr. DeLeo, this technique will eliminate the need to collect an entire colony of octocorals to test whether they glow physically. Helping to protect these creatures from potential threats from oil drilling, fishing, and other anthropogenic hazards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bioluminescence is used throughout the animal kingdom, especially in the marine environment, to lure prey, scare predators, and even act as camouflage in ambient light<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[497,553],"tags":[589,17,3,590],"class_list":["post-1116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novyny","category-nauka","tag-biolyuminesczencziya","tag-doslidzhennya","tag-nauka","tag-vosmykorozove-derevo"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043e\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c'\u044f\u043d\u0456\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 - LancEmber[:]<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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